What is an EORI number?
EORI stands for Economic Operators Registration and Identification. What it identifies, who issues it and why customs asks for it.
Definition
An EORI number (Economic Operators Registration and Identification number) identifies economic operators and other persons in dealings with customs. The Commission says it is mandatory for the clearance of all types of customs operations in the EU customs territory, including import, export and transit (European Commission).
Structure
A two-letter code for the country that issued the number, followed by an identifier that is unique within that country. The identifier can be up to 15 alphanumeric characters (European Commission). Details by country are on Formats by country.
What it is used for
The Commission lists the EORI number as the identifier that operators give customs authorities in every EU country for customs operations. It is also used for statistical and security purposes, and the Commission points to more efficient customs clearance as a benefit (European Commission).
Does it expire?
No. The number has no expiry date. It can be made invalid at the holder's request or when the business stops trading. After that, the recorded EORI data is kept for 10 years, according to the same page.
One person, one number
A person can hold only one valid EORI number at a time. Only one customs authority can assign it, and which one depends on where the operator is established or where it first deals with customs. See Do I need one? for where to apply.
Where the official checks live
The Commission offers EU-level tools for validating a number and for finding the competent registration authority. It also publishes a guidance document in English, last dated 29 May 2024, and an e-learning course. Our checking guide explains how to use them in practice.
What it is not
The page you are reading does not tell you whether a specific number is registered. For that, see How to check an EORI number.
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